D2-pulver

Overview of D2 Powder

D2 powder is a cold work tool steel powder offering an excellent combination of high hardness, wear resistance, and toughness. It is a versatile chromium-molybdenum-vanadium alloy widely used for pressing into cutting tools, dies, precision parts, and wear components across industrial sectors.

Key properties and advantages of D2 powder include:

D2 Powder Properties and Characteristics

Fastigheter	Detaljer
Sammansättning	Fe-1.5Cr-0.3C-0.4V-1Mo alloy
Täthet	7.7 g/cc
Partikelns form	Spherical or irregular
Storleksintervall	10-150 microns
Skenbar densitet	Upp till 60% av verklig densitet
Flytbarhet	Bra
Hårdhet	60-62 HRC when heat treated
Tålighet	Mycket bra

D2’s exceptional combination of hardness, strength, and impact resistance make it the top choice for cold work tooling needing extended service life.

D2 Powder Composition

Typical composition of D2 tool steel powder:

D2 Powder Composition

Element	Vikt %
Järn (Fe)	Balans
Krom (Cr)	11-13%
Kol (C)	1.4-1.6%
Molybden (Mo)	0.75-1.2%
Vanadin (V)	0.7-1.2%
Mangan (Mn)	0.3-0.6%
Kisel (Si)	0.15-0.4%

• Iron provides the ferritic matrix
• Chromium contributes to hardness and wear resistance
• Carbon enables high hardness in heat treated condition
• Molybdenum and vanadium form carbides enhancing wear resistance
• Manganese and silicon improve solid solution strengthening

The composition is designed to achieve an optimal combination of hardness, toughness and grindability required in tooling applications.

 

D2 Powder Physical Properties

D2 Powder Physical Properties

Fastighet	Värde
Täthet	7.7 g/cc
Smältpunkt	1460-1500°C
Termisk ledningsförmåga	21 W/mK
Elektrisk resistivitet	0.7 μΩ-m
Curie-temperatur	1010°C
Maximal driftstemperatur	180-200°C

• High density provides component miniaturization capabilities
• Retains high hardness and strength at elevated temperatures
• Becomes paramagnetic above Curie point
• Relatively low service temperature due to tempering effect

The properties allow D2 to be used in cold work tooling applications at high hardness levels.

D2 Powder Mechanical Properties

D2 Powder Mechanical Properties

Fastighet	Värde
Hårdhet	60-62 HRC
Tvärgående brotthållfasthet	1900-2100 MPa
Draghållfasthet	2050-2200 MPa
Sträckgräns	1700-1900 MPa
Töjning	8-11%
Impact toughness	12-15 J/cm2

• Exceptional hardness when heat treated
• Very high strength with reasonable ductility
• Excellent impact toughness for a tool steel
• High fatigue strength for extended tool life
• Strength and ductility values depend on heat treatment

The properties make D2 suitable for the most demanding cold work tooling and die applications requiring extreme wear resistance.

D2 Powder Applications

Typical applications of D2 tool steel powder include:

D2 Powder Applications

Industri	Exempel på användningsområden
Tillverkning	Press tooling, punch and dies
Fordon	Blank, pierce, trim, and forming dies
Flyg- och rymdindustrin	Forming dies, fixtures
Consumer goods	Razors, knives, scissors
Industriell	Drawing dies, thread rolling dies

Vissa specifika produktanvändningar:

• Cold heading dies for fastener manufacturing
• Coining dies for minting precise parts
• Thread rolling dies for bolt production
• Draw, punch, blanking dies across sectors
• Surgical tools and cutlery
• Pelletizing tooling

D2 is the premier powder metal tool steel preferred for the longest lasting cold work tooling, metal forming dies, and precision components across all industries.

D2 Powder Specifications

Key specifications for D2 tool steel powder:

D2 Powder Standards

Standard	Beskrivning
ASTM A681	Standard for tool steels alloys
DIN 1.2379	Equivalent to AISI D2
JIS G 4404	Cold work tool steels
ISO 4957	Tool steels
GOST 5950	Tool steel grades

Dessa definierar:

• Chemical composition limits of D2 steel
• Required mechanical properties in heat treated condition
• Permissible impurities
• Approved production methods like gas atomization
• Protokoll för test av efterlevnad
• Packaging, identification requirements

D2 powder made to these specifications ensures suitability for tooling applications requiring maximum wear resistance, impact toughness and dimensional stability.

D2 Powder Particle Sizes

D2 Powder Particle Size Distribution

Partikelstorlek	Egenskaper
10-22 microns	Ultrafine grade provides highest density
22-53 microns	Most commonly used size range
53-105 microns	Coarser size provides good flowability

• Finer particles allow greater densification during sintering
• Coarser particles improve powder flow into die cavities
• Size is selected based on final part properties needed
• Both gas and water atomized particles used

Controlling size distribution optimizes pressing behavior, sintered density, and final component performance.

D2 Powder Apparent Density

D2 Powder Apparent Density

Skenbar densitet	Detaljer
Upp till 60% av verklig densitet	För sfärisk pulvermorfologi
4.5-5.5 g/cc typical	Higher density improves flow and compressibility

• Sfärisk pulverform ger hög skenbar densitet
• Irregular powder has lower density around 50%
• Higher apparent density improves press fill efficiency
• Enables easier compaction into complex tool geometries

Higher apparent density leads to better manufacturing productivity and component quality.

D2 Powder Production Method

D2 Powder Production

Metod	Detaljer
Atomisering av gas	High pressure inert gas breaks up molten alloy stream into fine droplets
Induktionssmältning i vakuum	Insatsmaterial med hög renhet som smälts under vakuum
Flera omsmältningar	Enhances chemical homogeneity
Siktning	Klassificerar pulver i olika fraktioner av partikelstorlek

• Gas atomization provides spherical powder shape
• Vacuum melting eliminates gaseous impurities
• Multiple remelting improves uniformity
• Post-processing allows particle size customization

Fully automated processes combined with strict quality control ensures reliable and consistent properties of D2 powder critical for tooling performance.

D2 Powder Pricing

D2 Powder Pricing

Faktor	Påverkan på priset
Renhetsgrad	Högre renhet ökar kostnaden
Partikelstorlek	Ultrafint pulver dyrare
Orderkvantitet	Price decreases with larger volume
Powder properties	Higher density powder costs more
Additional services	Customization adds cost

Indikativ prissättning

• D2 spherical powder: $15-25 per kg
• D2 irregular powder: $10-20 per kg
• Priset för stora volymer kan vara 40% lägre

Pricing depends on purity, particle size and shape, order quantity, density, and any additional customization.

D2 Powder Suppliers

D2 Powder Suppliers

Företag	Plats
Höganäs	Sverige
Erasteel	USA, Europe
Carpenter Powder Products	USA
Sandvik Osprey	STORBRITANNIEN
Jingdong nytt material	Kina
CNPC Powders	Kina

Key supplier selection factors:

• Powder grades offered
• Production capacity
• Fördelning av partikelstorlek
• Powder characterization and testing
• Pricing and minimum order quantity
• Packaging and lead times
• Customer technical support

D2 Powder Handling and Storage

D2 Powder Handling

Rekommendation	Anledning
Säkerställ tillräcklig ventilation	Prevent exposure to fine metal particles
Wear protective gear	Undvik oavsiktlig förtäring
Ground all equipment	Prevent static sparks
Undvik antändningskällor	Flammable dust risk
Använd verktyg som inte slår gnistor	Prevent ignition during handling
Följ säkra protokoll	Reduce fire, explosion, and health risks

Rekommendationer för lagring

• Store sealed containers in a cool, dry area
• Limit exposure to moisture, acids, chlorides
• Håll temperaturen under 27°C

Proper precautions during handling and storage help preserve purity and prevent health or fire hazards.

D2 Powder Inspection and Testing

D2 Powder Testing

Test	Detaljer
Kemisk analys	Verifies composition using optical or ICP spectroscopy
Fördelning av partikelstorlek	Determines sizes using laser diffraction or sieving
Skenbar densitet	Measured using Hall flowmeter as per ASTM B212
Morfologi för pulver	SEM imaging to determine particle shape
Analys av flödeshastighet	Gravity flow rate through specified funnel
Tappdensitetstest	Densitet uppmätt efter mekanisk knackning av pulverprov

Testing ensures the powder meets the required chemical composition, physical characteristics, particle size distribution, morphology, density, and flow rate specifications.

D2 Powder Pros and Cons

Advantages of D2 Powder

• Exceptional hardness when heat treated
• Excellent wear and abrasion resistance
• Very high strength combined with good impact toughness
• Dimensional stability in cold work service
• Good grindability compared to other tool steels
• Relatively cost-effective

Limitations of D2 Powder

• Moderate corrosion resistance without surface treatment
• Limited high temperature strength and creep resistance
• Requires careful heat treatment by experienced providers
• Not weldable using conventional welding methods
• Large sections can experience embrittlement
• Brittle fracture mode limits cold formability

Comparison With S7 Tool Steel Powder

D2 vs S7 Tool Steel Powder

Parameter	D2	S7
Hårdhet	60-62 HRC	63-65 HRC
Tålighet	Mycket bra	Bra
Wear resistance	Utmärkt	Utestående
Korrosionsbeständighet	Måttlig	Låg
Cold strength	Utmärkt	Mycket bra
Kostnad	Låg	Hög

• D2 has slightly lower hardness but much better toughness
• S7 provides the maximum wear resistance
• D2 has better corrosion resistance uncoated
• S7 has higher hot hardness and hot strength
• D2 is more cost effective

D2 Powder FAQs

Q: What are the main applications of D2 tool steel powder?

A: Main applications include cold pressing tooling, blanking and punching dies, coin minting dies, thread rolling dies, surgical tools, knives, industrial knives, and precision ground shafts and pins.

Q: What heat treatment is used for D2 tool steel powder?

A: D2 is typically heat treated by austenitizing at 1010-1040°C, quenching in oil or air, and tempering at 150-350°C to achieve a hardness of 60-62 HRC.

Q: How does vanadium improve the properties of D2 steel?

A: Vanadium forms fine carbides with iron and chromium that impart significant wear resistance and abrasion resistance while also enhancing impact toughness.

Q: What precautions should be taken when working with D2 powder?

A: Recommended precautions include ventilation, inert atmosphere, avoiding ignition sources, grounding equipment, using non-sparking tools, protective gear, and safe storage away from moisture or contamination.