Prášek Ti6Al4V

Přehled

Prášek Ti6Al4V, also known as Ti-6Al-4V, Grade 5 titanium, Ti 6-4 or Ti 6/4, is a titanium alloy powder consisting of titanium, 6% aluminum and 4% vanadium. It offers an exceptional combination of high strength, low weight, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility which makes it an extremely versatile material for advanced applications in aerospace, medical devices, marine hardware and more.

Ti6Al4V is considered the workhorse of titanium alloys, accounting for over 50% of total titanium usage the world over. It has among the best strength-to-weight ratios of any metallic material and maintains its properties at extreme temperatures.

Some key properties and characteristics of Ti6Al4V powder include:

• Excellent strength-to-weight ratio, high specific strength
• Low density – 4.43 g/cm3
• Vysoká odolnost proti korozi
• Biocompatibility and osseointegration ability
• Good high temperature properties – usable up to 400°C with oxidation resistance up to 550°C
• Vysoká lomová houževnatost a únavová pevnost
• Available in different size ranges and morphologies – spherical, angular

With its versatile properties, Ti6Al4V finds diverse applications across industries today.

Ti6Al4V Powder Types

Ti6Al4V alloy powder is available in different size distributions, shapes and production methods to suit specific applications:

Typ	Charakteristika
Gas atomized spherical	– Near spherical morphology, smooth surface – Tight particle size control – Used in AM, MIM, thermal spray
Plasma atomized spherical	– Highly spherical with smooth surface – Narrow size distribution – Used in AM processes
Hydrid-dehydrid (HDH)	– Irregular, angular morphology – Porous, spongy particles – Lower production cost – Used in MIM, pressing, thermal spray

Velikost částic: Available from 15 microns to 150+ microns depending on production method

Rozložení velikosti: Graded/sieved, blended or custom specifications

standardy: ASTM B348, AMS 4943, AMS 4928, AMS 4967

Složení prášku Ti6Al4V

Ti6Al4V conforms to Aerospace Material Specification (AMS) 4928 and has the nominal composition:

Živel	Rozsah složení
Titan	Balance, 87.725 – 91%
Hliník	5.5 – 6.76%
Vanad	3.5 – 4.5%
Žehlička	Max 0.30%
Kyslík	Max 0.20%
Dusík	Max 0.05%
Uhlík	Max. 0,08%
Vodík	Max 0.015%

Iron, oxygen and nitrogen are commonly found impurity elements. The composition is routinely analyzed to ensure it meets aerospace grade specifications before atomization into powder.

Ti6Al4V Powder Properties

Ti6Al4V is prized for its exceptional balance of mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, lightness and biocompatibility. Its properties include:

Physical & Mechanical Properties	Hodnoty
Hustota	4,43 g/cm3
Bod tání	1604 – 1660°C
Maximální pevnost v tahu	860 - 965 MPa
Mez kluzu (posun 0,2%)	795 – 875 MPa
Modul pružnosti	114 GPa
Prodloužení po přetržení	10 – 18%
Tvrdost	334 – 361 HV
Fatigue Strength (107 cycles)	400 – 490 MPa
Lomová houževnatost	55 – 115 MPa-m^0.5

Tepelné vlastnosti
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion – 8.6 x 10-6 /K (20-100°C)
Thermal Conductivity – 7.2 W/m.K
Maximum Service Temperature – 400°C

Odolnost proti korozi
Excellent corrosion resistance comparable to unalloyed titanium Resists corrosion by most acids, moist gases, organic chemicals

Formation of stable and highly adhesive oxide surface layer gives it excellent resistance to saline environments. Ti6Al4V demonstrates protection superior to stainless steel in chloride solutions due to lower oxygen and chloride diffusion rates.

Aplikace prášku Ti6Al4V

Thanks to its well-balanced properties, Ti6Al4V finds diverse industrial and medical applications today:

Průmysl	Aplikace
Aerospace	– Aircraft structural components like wings, landing gear, turbines, fasteners – Rocket motor casings, space vehicles – Helicopter rotor hub, compressor blades
Lékařské a zubní služby	– Orthopedic implants – hip, knee joints – Dental implants, fixtures, crowns – Maxillofacial implants – Surgical instruments
Automobilový průmysl	– Connecting rods, drive shafts, springs – Racing car parts like valves, pistons – Exhaust components
Chemické	– Heat exchangers, tanks, pipes carrying corrosive media – Valves, condensers, distillation columns – Pumps and housings
Power & Energy	– Steam and gas turbine components – Structural parts for reactors – Renewables -high performance offshore
Námořní	– Propellers, connecting rods – Corrosion resistant fasteners, hinges – Desalination equipment

Additive manufacturing is expanding the applications for titanium alloys in all these sectors by enabling freeform geometries not possible previously.

Specifikace prášku Ti6Al4V

Standard	Popis
ASTM B348	Standard specification for titanium and titanium alloy bars and billets
AMS 4928	Aerospace material specification for titanium alloy sheet, strip and plate 6Al – 4V annealed
AMS 4943	Chemical check analysis limits for titanium and titanium alloys
AMS 4967	Aerospace material specification for powder, titanium alloy 6Al-4V
ISO 21388	Specification for unalloyed titanium for surgical implant applications
ASME SB-348	Specifikace tyčí a předvalků z titanu a slitin titanu

Titanium grade 5 Eli powder also needs to meet additional customer requirements pertaining to:

• Tvar částic
• Tekutost
• Zdánlivá hustota
• Hustota poklepání
• Pycnometer density
• Chemická analýza
• Mechanické vlastnosti

Manufacturers producing Ti6Al4V powder follow certified quality management systems and testing protocols before supplying to customers across defense, aerospace, energy, motorsports and medical sectors among others.

Dodavatelé Ti6Al4V prášku

Ti6Al4V powder is manufactured via gas atomization or plasma atomization to produce spherical powder suitable for AM. The starting raw material is vacuum arc remelted (VAR) or electron beam melted (EBM) alloy slab which is atomized into fine droplets that solidify into powder particles on rapid cooling.

Key global suppliers of Ti6Al4V spherical and pre-alloyed powders are:

Společnost	Země
AP&C	Kanada
Práškové kovy ATI	USA
TLS Technik GmbH	Německo
GKN Hoeganaes	USA
Pokročilé materiály Tekna	USA
Slm Solutions	Německo
Erasteel	Francie

Ti6Al4V powder can be procured in small quantities for research and prototyping applications. Custom alloys and particle characteristics are also possible for companies with established supply agreements.

Cena:
As a high performance alloy requiring advanced manufacturing, Ti6Al4V powder commands a premium over standard grades of titanium and other metal powders. Pricing varies from $100/kg to $500/kg based on:

• Objednané množství
• Tvar částic a rozdělení podle velikosti
• Customization of chemistry/mechanical properties
• Testing and certification requirements
• Economic factors – supply-demand dynamics, raw material costs

Higher purity grades used in medical devices and aerospace applications are costlier. Costs have seen a declining trend with ramp up in production capacities globally.

How to Choose Ti6Al4V Powder

Selection of appropriate Ti6Al4V powder depends upon your specific application and process requirements. Some key considerations include:

Aditivní výroba

• Particle shape – spherical/shaped distributions for better flow and packing
• Particle size – fine <45 microns for better resolution and surface finish
• Narrow size range – ensures uniform melting and densification
• High powder purity >99.5% titanium for lower contamination
• Low oxygen, nitrogen and carbon content

Vstřikování kovů (MIM)

• Irregular, angular powder for higher green strength
• Medium particle size – 100 mesh
• Powder blend with binder components
• Economic grade meeting cost targets

Tepelný nástřik

• Particle size suitable for spray process
• Porous HDH hydride powder allows better coating bonding
• Možnost vývoje slitin na zakázku

Prášková metalurgie

• Angular, porous powder for compaction
• Powder blend tailored to application
• Alloy modified for sintering response

Do consult powder producers early in the design process to select the optimum powder suited for your specific component requirements.

Advantages and Limitations of Ti6Al4V Powder

Výhody

• Vysoký poměr pevnosti a hmotnosti
• Zachovává si vlastnosti při zvýšených teplotách
• Vynikající odolnost proti korozi
• Bioinert – does not produce adverse reactions when implanted
• Powder feedstock allows complex, net-shape part fabrication via AM
• Tailorable mechanical properties by heat treatment
• Recyclable to minimize wastage

Omezení

• High material cost compared to steels and aluminum alloys
• Requires high processing temperatures oxygen contamination risk
• Nižší tuhost než u oceli
• Sharp notch sensitivity – cracking risk
• Difficult to machine requiring special tooling

Engineers select Ti6Al4V where strength, temperature resistance, biocompatibility and corrosion resistance needs outweigh cost constraints in critical structural parts.

Ti6Al4V Powder vs. Alternatives

Ti6Al4V competes against stainless steels, cobalt chromium alloys, aluminum grades and pure titanium. Comparison on key parameters is highlighted below:

	Ti6Al4V	Nerezová ocel 316L	Slitina CoCrMo	Al 6061	Pure Ti Grade 2
Mez kluzu	860 MPa	290 MPa	655 MPa	55 MPa	370 MPa
Hustota	4,43 g/cc	8 g/cm3	8,3 g/cc	2,7 g/cc	4.51 g/cc
Youngův modul	114 GPa	193 GPa	230 GPa	69 GPa	105 GPa
Tepelná vodivost	7 W/mK	12 W/mK	9 W/mK	180 W/mK	7 W/mK
Bod tání	1640°C	1375°C	1350°C	650°C	1668°C
Odolnost proti korozi	Vynikající	Dobrý	Veletrh	Dobrý	Vynikající
Srovnání nákladů	10x vs Al, 4x vs Steel	Lower cost base	2x cost vs steel	Lowest cost	8x cost vs Ti grade 2

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