Dodavatelé prášků pro 3D tisk
Obsah
Přehled o 3d printing powders suppliers
Prášky pro 3d tisk, also known as additive manufacturing, uses powders as the raw material to construct components layer by layer. The powders are fused or bound together using heat, laser, or binding agents to create three dimensional objects.
There are several technologies used in 3D printing like Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS), Electron Beam Melting (EBM), Binder Jetting, Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Stereolithography (SLA) and more. Each process utilizes different types of powders with specific properties and particle size distribution.
Typy 3D tiskových prášků
| Typ prášku | Materiály | Charakteristika |
|---|---|---|
| Plasty | Nylon, ABS, TPU, PE, PP | Most common, low cost, less strength |
| Kovy | Aluminum, Stainless steel, Cobalt Chrome, Titanium, Tool steel | High strength, heat/corrosion resistance |
| Keramika | Glass, Alumina, Zirconia | High temperature uses, brittle |
| Sand & Casting Powders | Silica sand, Zircon sand | For sand molds and cores |
| Magnetic Powders | Železo, nikl, kobalt | Applications needing magnetism |
| Biocompatible Powders | Titanium, PEEK, TCP | For medical implants, prosthetics |
Properties of 3D Printing Powders
| Vlastnictví | Popis | Význam v aditivní výrobě |
|---|---|---|
| Morfologie částic | This refers to the shape and surface characteristics of the powder particles. | Spherical or near-spherical particles are ideal for optimal flowability, packing density, and printability. Irregularly shaped particles can hinder powder flow and lead to inconsistencies in the printed part. |
| Distribuce velikosti částic | The size of the powder particles plays a critical role in determining several aspects of the final printed part. | A narrow particle size distribution ensures consistent packing and minimizes voids within the printed layers. Particle size also influences the surface finish, with finer particles typically resulting in smoother surfaces. However, excessively fine particles can be challenging to handle and may reduce flowability. |
| Zdánlivá hustota a hustota kohoutku | Tyto vlastnosti představují objemovou hmotnost prášku za různých podmínek. | Apparent density considers the spaces between particles at rest, while tap density reflects a more packed state achieved through a standardized tapping process. Higher tap density is generally desirable for efficient material utilization and good dimensional accuracy in the printed part. |
| Tekutost | This refers to the ease with which powder flows under gravity or other applied forces. | Good flowability is essential for even powder deposition during the additive manufacturing process. Powders with poor flowability can lead to inconsistencies in layer thickness and potential printing defects. |
| Tepelné vlastnosti | These encompass characteristics like melting point, thermal conductivity, and coefficient of thermal expansion. | Thermal properties significantly influence the behavior of the powder during the printing process. The melting point determines the laser or energy source power required for fusion, while thermal conductivity affects heat distribution and potential warping of the printed part. The coefficient of thermal expansion needs to be considered to minimize residual stresses and cracking during cooling. |
| Spékavost | This property refers to the ability of the powder particles to bond together during the printing process. | Sinterability is crucial for achieving strong and cohesive bonds between layers, leading to a robust final part. Factors like particle size, surface chemistry, and material composition all influence sinterability. |
| Chemické složení | The specific elements or compounds present in the powder determine its overall properties and suitability for different applications. | The chemical composition directly affects the mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and other performance characteristics of the final printed part. For example, metal alloy powders with specific elements can offer high strength or improved biocompatibility for medical implants. |
Aplikace z Prášky pro 3D tisk
| Průmysl | Aplikace |
|---|---|
| Aerospace | Turbine blades, jet nozzles, structural frames |
| Automobilový průmysl | Prototyping, custom parts like gears |
| Lékařský | Dental copings, implants, prosthetics |
| Nástroje | Casting patterns, injection molds, jigs & fixtures |
| Architektura | Models, decorative building elements |
| Spotřební zboží | Custom designs, rapid prototyping |
Specifikace 3D tiskového prášku
Powder materials used in additive manufacturing must meet strict specifications for particle size distribution, morphology, flowability and purity. Typical size ranges, standards and grades are listed below:
| Typ materiálu | Velikost částic (μm) | Normy | Společné známky |
|---|---|---|---|
| Polymerní prášky | 20-150 | ASTM D638 | PA12, PLA, ABS, PC |
| Kovové prášky | 10-45 | ASTM F3049 | Ti-6Al-4V, 17-4PH, 316L |
| Ceramic powders | 10-150 | ASTM F2792 | Zirconia, Alumina, TCP |
| Casting powders | 140-200 | ASTM B213 | Silica sand, Zircon sand |
Global 3d printing powders suppliers
There are both large global suppliers as well as smaller niche powder manufacturers that service the additive manufacturing industry:
Large Powder Producers
| Společnost | Materiály |
|---|---|
| Sandvik | Nickel and titanium alloys |
| Prášková metalurgie GKN | Tool steels, stainless steel |
| Höganäs | Nerezové oceli, slitiny |
| Přísada pro tesaře | Cobalt chrome, titanium, more |
| BASF | Ultrafine polyamides |
Specialty Powder Producers
| Společnost | Materiály |
|---|---|
| Technologie LPW | Aluminum, titanium, Ni alloys |
| Praxair | titanové, niklové superslitiny |
| Arcam AB | Titanium alloys, CoCr, aluminum |
| 3DXtech | Plastics like ABS, nylon, more |
Cost Analysis of Metal 3D Printing Powders
| Faktor | Popis | Impact on Cost |
|---|---|---|
| Náklady na materiál | This refers to the base price per kilogram of the metal alloy powder itself. | The cost of metal alloy powders can vary significantly depending on the specific alloy composition. Powders for commonly used materials like stainless steel or aluminum tend to be more affordable compared to those for high-performance alloys like nickel superalloys or titanium aluminide. Additionally, the presence of rare earth elements or complex manufacturing processes can further increase the cost of the powder. |
| Powder Volume | The amount of metal alloy powder required for a specific printing job directly influences the overall material cost. | Careful design optimization and minimizing support structures can help reduce the total powder volume needed, leading to cost savings. Additionally, utilizing powder recovery systems that capture and reuse unprinted powder can be beneficial for high-volume production. |
| Supplier Choice | Selecting a reputable metal powder supplier can impact costs. | Negotiating bulk purchase agreements or exploring alternative suppliers with competitive pricing strategies can help optimize material costs. It’s crucial to balance price with factors like powder quality, consistency, and technical support offered by the supplier. |
| Vlastnosti prášku | The specific properties of the metal alloy powder can influence its cost. | Finer powders generally require more complex manufacturing processes and may be more expensive. Additionally, powders with narrow particle size distributions or specific surface treatments for improved flowability can command a premium price. |
| Minimální množství objednávky | Some suppliers may have minimum order quantities for metal alloy powders. | This can be a cost consideration, particularly for prototyping or low-volume production runs. Exploring suppliers with smaller minimum order quantities or collaborating with other users to share bulk purchases can be cost-effective strategies. |
| Post-Processing Costs | Metal parts printed with 3D printing powders often require post-processing steps like heat treatment or hot isostatic pressing (HIP) to achieve optimal mechanical properties. | The cost of these post-processing steps needs to be factored into the overall analysis. In some cases, the need for extensive post-processing can negate the potential cost benefits of 3D printing compared to traditional manufacturing methods. |
Výhody a nevýhody Prášky pro 3D tisk
| Klady | Nevýhody |
|---|---|
| Flexibilita designu: 3D printing powders enable the creation of complex geometries with intricate features that are difficult or impossible to achieve with traditional manufacturing methods. This opens doors for innovative designs and lightweight components in various industries. | Omezený výběr materiálů: Compared to traditional manufacturing techniques, the selection of 3D printing powders is still evolving. While a wide range of materials are available, some alloys or specialty materials may not be readily accessible or may require qualification for specific printing processes. |
| Účinnost materiálu: 3D printing powders promote near-net-shape manufacturing, minimizing material waste compared to subtractive techniques like machining. This is particularly beneficial for expensive or high-performance materials. | Vyšší náklady: 3D printing powders themselves can be more expensive than bulk materials due to the additional processing involved in their production. Additionally, 3D printing equipment and post-processing steps can contribute to higher overall manufacturing costs, especially for low-volume production. |
| Vlastnosti na míru: The properties of 3D printing powders can be precisely controlled through adjustments in the manufacturing process and powder composition. This allows for the creation of materials with specific characteristics like high strength, lightweight design, or biocompatibility for medical applications. | Povrchová úprava: The surface finish of parts printed with 3D printing powders can be rougher compared to machined or cast components. Additional post-processing techniques like polishing or machining may be necessary to achieve a desired surface quality. |
| Rychlé prototypování: 3D printing powders are ideal for rapid prototyping of complex parts. This allows for faster design iterations and quicker time-to-market for new products. | Obavy o bezpečnost: Handling some 3D printing powders can pose safety hazards due to potential flammability, inhalation risks, and skin irritation. Proper personal protective equipment and adherence to safety protocols are essential. |
| Inventory Management: 3D printing allows for on-demand production using readily available powders. This reduces the need for extensive inventory management of pre-made parts. | Řízení procesu: Additive manufacturing processes involving 3D printing powders require careful control of parameters like laser power, scan speed, and layer thickness. Inconsistencies in these parameters can affect the quality and performance of the final printed part. |
FAQ
Q: What is the most commonly used plastic for 3D printing powders?
A: Polyamide 12 (PA12, nylon 12) is the most popular plastic powder with excellent properties and SLS process compatibility.
Q: What is the difference between virgin and recycled powders?
A: Virgin powders are fresh and unused as compared to recycled powders that originate from prior 3D printed parts. Virgin powder is more expensive but offers higher and more consistent quality.
Q: How are metal powders made for additive manufacturing?
A: Metal powders are made using gas or water atomization to produce fine spherical particles of alloys from melted feedstock under high pressure. The powders may undergo specialized treatments to modify size distribution, morphology, flow or composition.
Q: What precautions should be taken when handling powders?
A: Powder handling procedures must aim to minimize exposure, contain leakage and spills, ensure proper masks/PPE gear, provide adequate ventilation, and implement good housekeeping practices. Some metal powders can combust or explode if handled recklessly.
Q: What powder particle sizes are optimal?
A: Particle sizes ranging from 10 microns to around 100 microns normally offer the best results for spreading thin layers uniformly. Finer nano-scale particles can agglomerate while large particles reduce resolution. Matching particle size to 3D printer requirements is essential.
Q: How are part properties affected by powders?
A: Powder characteristics directly influence density, surface finish, precision, mechanical properties, microstructure and performance of printed components. Graded custom alloys and particle coatings allow tailoring material properties in additive manufacturing.
Sdílet na
MET3DP Technology Co., LTD je předním poskytovatelem řešení aditivní výroby se sídlem v Qingdao v Číně. Naše společnost se specializuje na zařízení pro 3D tisk a vysoce výkonné kovové prášky pro průmyslové aplikace.
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