3D tiskárna pro tavení elektronovým paprskem

Přehled of electron beam melting 3d printer

3D tiskárna pro tavení elektronovým paprskem is an additive manufacturing technology commonly used for 3D printing metal parts. An electron beam selectively melts metal powder layer-by-layer based on a CAD model to build complex geometries unmatched by conventional manufacturing.

EBM 3D printers offer benefits like design freedom, mass customization, reduced waste, and lightweighting. Key applications are in the aerospace, medical, dental, and automotive industries. Materials printed on EBM systems include titanium, nickel alloys, stainless steel, aluminum, and cobalt-chrome.

EBM 3D Printer Types

EBM Printing Process

The EBM printing process works as follows:

1. Metal powder is evenly distributed onto a build plate using a rake mechanism
2. An electron beam selectively preheats the metal powder to around 80% of its melting point, sintering particles together
3. The electron beam does a second pass, rapidly melting the material as per the layer geometry
4. The build plate lowers and another layer of powder is spread over the build area
5. Steps 2-4 repeat until the full part is built up from layers of molten metal

EBM Printer Hardware Components

EBM printers contain the following major hardware components that enable the printing process:

• Elektronová pistole: Generates a focused electron beam to selectively melt the metal powder according to CAD data input to the printer. Electrons are emitted from a tungsten filament cathode and accelerated to high kinetic energy. Electromagnets focus and deflect the beam.
• Manipulace s práškem: Powder hoppers store raw material which is raked onto the build plate before each print layer. Overflow powder is collected and sieved for reuse.
• Build Tank: Sealed chamber where the layer melting takes place at high temperature in a vacuum. Features like heating elements and thermal shields maintain environments up to 1000°C in the build area.
• Řídicí systém: Allows operating parameters like speed, beam power, scan patterns, and temperature to be controlled through the printer interface software. Also facilitates loading of CAD models.

EBM Printable Materials

Advantages of EBM 3D Printing

Limitations of EBM Printing

Rozdělení nákladů

A cost comparison of building 10cobalt-chrome dental copings on an Arcam EBM printer is shown below:

In contrast, outsourcing wax pattern fabrication + lost wax casting for 10 units would cost $600 per unit – so EBM offers significant per unit cost reduction especially at higher volumes.

3D tiskárna pro tavení elektronovým paprskem Dodavatelé

Some leading EBM printer equipment manufacturers and metal powder material suppliers include:

The average system cost is $500,000 to $1 million including ancillary equipment like powder removal stations. Materials range from $100 per kg for aluminum up to $800 per kg for specialty nickel superalloys.

3D tiskárna pro tavení elektronovým paprskem Normy a certifikace

Key standards associated with quality, specifications, and process control for electron beam melting systems include:

Both the EBM hardware and manufacturer quality system may be certified to ISO 9001. For aerospace applications additional specifications like AS9100D apply.

Electron Beam Melting vs Other Metal AM

Aplikace z 3D tiskárna pro tavení elektronovým paprskem

Due to its ability to produce complex geometries in various high performance metals, electron beam melting finds use across industries like:

Letectví: Lightweighting aerospace components like titanium and nickel alloy brackets and struts offers fuel efficiency benefits. EBM also enables consolidation of fluid routing channels and mounting features into single parts.

Lékařská a zubní péče: Cobalt chrome and titanium implants with porous surfaces that promote osseointegration can be tailored to patient anatomy via EBM. Significant customization and waste reduction versus traditional stock implant sizes and shapes.

Automobilový průmysl: Lightweighting parts like aluminum or titanium valve covers and brake calipers reduces vehicle weight for better fuel economy. Short runs of custom turbocharger wheels optimized for racing applications is also economically viable.

Nástroje: Conformal cooling channels can be built into injection mold tooling to accelerate cycle times. Quick turnaround of 10-20 cooling channel layout iterations possible with EBM versus weeks for conventional methods.

Nejčastější dotazy

Souhrn

Electron beam melting utilizes a concentrated, high-power electron beam in a vacuum to selectively fuse metal powder particles layer-by-layer until fully dense parts are formed. EBM 3D printers build highly complex geometries unmatched by any other technology, making customization, lightweighting, and part consolidation possible across industries from medical devices to aerospace components. While limited in maximum print volumes compared to other metal additive or conventional techniques, electron beam melting opens new design possibilities and agile manufacturing approaches not previously feasible.

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