D2 prášek

Overview of D2 Powder

Prášek D2 je prášek z nástrojové oceli pro obrábění za studena, který nabízí vynikající kombinaci vysoké tvrdosti, odolnosti proti opotřebení a houževnatosti. Jedná se o univerzální slitinu chromu, molybdenu a vanadu, která se široce používá k lisování do řezných nástrojů, zápustek, přesných dílů a opotřebitelných součástí v různých průmyslových odvětvích.

Key properties and advantages of D2 powder include:

D2 Powder Properties and Characteristics

Vlastnosti	Podrobnosti
Složení	Fe-1.5Cr-0.3C-0.4V-1Mo alloy
Hustota	7,7 g/cc
Tvar částic	Sférické nebo nepravidelné
Rozsah velikostí	10-150 mikronů
Zdánlivá hustota	Up to 60% of true density
Tekutost	Dobrý
Tvrdost	60-62 HRC when heat treated
Houževnatost	Velmi dobré

D2’s exceptional combination of hardness, strength, and impact resistance make it the top choice for cold work tooling needing extended service life.

D2 Powder Composition

Typical composition of D2 tool steel powder:

D2 Powder Composition

Živel	Hmotnost %
železo (Fe)	Zůstatek
Chrom (Cr)	11-13%
uhlík (C)	1.4-1.6%
molybden (Mo)	0.75-1.2%
Vanad (V)	0.7-1.2%
mangan (Mn)	0.3-0.6%
křemík (Si)	0.15-0.4%

• Iron provides the ferritic matrix
• Chromium contributes to hardness and wear resistance
• Carbon enables high hardness in heat treated condition
• Molybdenum and vanadium form carbides enhancing wear resistance
• Manganese and silicon improve solid solution strengthening

The composition is designed to achieve an optimal combination of hardness, toughness and grindability required in tooling applications.

 

D2 Powder Physical Properties

D2 Powder Physical Properties

Vlastnictví	Hodnota
Hustota	7,7 g/cc
Bod tání	1460-1500°C
Tepelná vodivost	21 W/mK
Elektrický odpor	0.7 μΩ-m
Curieho teplota	1010°C
Maximální provozní teplota	180-200°C

• High density provides component miniaturization capabilities
• Retains high hardness and strength at elevated temperatures
• Nad Curieho bodem se stává paramagnetickým
• Relatively low service temperature due to tempering effect

The properties allow D2 to be used in cold work tooling applications at high hardness levels.

D2 Powder Mechanical Properties

D2 Powder Mechanical Properties

Vlastnictví	Hodnota
Tvrdost	60-62 HRC
Transverse rupture strength	1900-2100 MPa
Pevnost v tahu	2050-2200 MPa
Pevnost v tahu	1700-1900 MPa
Prodloužení	8-11%
Impact toughness	12-15 J/cm2

• Exceptional hardness when heat treated
• Very high strength with reasonable ductility
• Excellent impact toughness for a tool steel
• High fatigue strength for extended tool life
• Strength and ductility values depend on heat treatment

The properties make D2 suitable for the most demanding cold work tooling and die applications requiring extreme wear resistance.

D2 Powder Applications

Typical applications of D2 tool steel powder include:

D2 Powder Applications

Průmysl	Příklad použití
Výrobní	Press tooling, punch and dies
Automobilový průmysl	Blank, pierce, trim, and forming dies
Aerospace	Forming dies, fixtures
Spotřební zboží	Razors, knives, scissors
Průmyslový	Drawing dies, thread rolling dies

Některá specifická použití výrobku:

• Cold heading dies for fastener manufacturing
• Coining dies for minting precise parts
• Thread rolling dies for bolt production
• Draw, punch, blanking dies across sectors
• Surgical tools and cutlery
• Pelletizing tooling

D2 is the premier powder metal tool steel preferred for the longest lasting cold work tooling, metal forming dies, and precision components across all industries.

D2 Powder Specifications

Key specifications for D2 tool steel powder:

D2 Powder Standards

Standard	Popis
ASTM A681	Standard for tool steels alloys
DIN 1.2379	Equivalent to AISI D2
JIS G 4404	Cold work tool steels
ISO 4957	Nástrojové oceli
GOST 5950	Tool steel grades

Ty definují:

• Chemical composition limits of D2 steel
• Required mechanical properties in heat treated condition
• Permissible impurities
• Approved production methods like gas atomization
• Protokoly o testování shody
• Packaging, identification requirements

D2 powder made to these specifications ensures suitability for tooling applications requiring maximum wear resistance, impact toughness and dimensional stability.

D2 Powder Particle Sizes

D2 Powder Particle Size Distribution

Velikost částic	Charakteristika
10-22 microns	Ultrafine grade provides highest density
22-53 microns	Most commonly used size range
53-105 microns	Coarser size provides good flowability

• Jemnější částice umožňují větší zhutnění při spékání.
• Coarser particles improve powder flow into die cavities
• Velikost se volí na základě potřebných vlastností finálního dílu
• Both gas and water atomized particles used

Controlling size distribution optimizes pressing behavior, sintered density, and final component performance.

D2 Powder Apparent Density

D2 Powder Apparent Density

Zdánlivá hustota	Podrobnosti
Up to 60% of true density	For spherical powder morphology
4.5-5.5 g/cc typical	Higher density improves flow and compressibility

• Spherical powder shape provides high apparent density
• Irregular powder has lower density around 50%
• Higher apparent density improves press fill efficiency
• Enables easier compaction into complex tool geometries

Higher apparent density leads to better manufacturing productivity and component quality.

D2 Powder Production Method

D2 Powder Production

Metoda	Podrobnosti
Rozprašování plynu	High pressure inert gas breaks up molten alloy stream into fine droplets
Vakuové indukční tavení	Vstupní materiály vysoké čistoty tavené ve vakuu
Vícenásobné přetavení	Enhances chemical homogeneity
Sítování	Classifies powder into different particle size fractions

• Gas atomization provides spherical powder shape
• Vacuum melting eliminates gaseous impurities
• Multiple remelting improves uniformity
• Post-processing allows particle size customization

Fully automated processes combined with strict quality control ensures reliable and consistent properties of D2 powder critical for tooling performance.

D2 Powder Pricing

D2 Powder Pricing

Faktor	Dopad na cenu
Úroveň čistoty	Vyšší čistota zvyšuje náklady
Velikost částic	Ultrajemný prášek je dražší
Objednané množství	Price decreases with larger volume
Powder properties	Higher density powder costs more
Další služby	Přizpůsobení zvyšuje náklady

Orientační ceny

• D2 spherical powder: $15-25 per kg
• D2 irregular powder: $10-20 per kg
• Large volume pricing can be 40% lower

Pricing depends on purity, particle size and shape, order quantity, density, and any additional customization.

D2 Powder Suppliers

D2 Powder Suppliers

Společnost	Umístění
Höganäs	Švédsko
Erasteel	USA, Evropa
Tesařské práškové výrobky	USA
Sandvik Osprey	Spojené království
Jingdong New Material	Čína
CNPC Powders	Čína

Klíčové faktory výběru dodavatele:

• Nabízené stupně prášku
• Výrobní kapacita
• Distribuce velikosti částic
• Powder characterization and testing
• Ceny a minimální objednací množství
• Packaging and lead times
• Customer technical support

D2 Powder Handling and Storage

D2 Powder Handling

Doporučení	Důvod
Zajistěte dostatečné větrání	Prevent exposure to fine metal particles
Wear protective gear	Avoid accidental ingestion
Ground all equipment	Prevent static sparks
Vyhněte se zdrojům vznícení	Flammable dust risk
Používejte nejiskřící nástroje	Prevent ignition during handling
Follow safe protocols	Reduce fire, explosion, and health risks

Doporučení pro ukládání

• Store sealed containers in a cool, dry area
• Limit exposure to moisture, acids, chlorides
• Udržování teploty pod 27 °C

Proper precautions during handling and storage help preserve purity and prevent health or fire hazards.

D2 Powder Inspection and Testing

D2 Powder Testing

Test	Podrobnosti
Chemická analýza	Verifies composition using optical or ICP spectroscopy
Distribuce velikosti částic	Determines sizes using laser diffraction or sieving
Zdánlivá hustota	Measured using Hall flowmeter as per ASTM B212
Morfologie prášku	SEM imaging to determine particle shape
Analýza průtoku	Gravity flow rate through specified funnel
Tap density test	Density measured after mechanically tapping powder sample

Testing ensures the powder meets the required chemical composition, physical characteristics, particle size distribution, morphology, density, and flow rate specifications.

D2 Powder Pros and Cons

Advantages of D2 Powder

• Exceptional hardness when heat treated
• Vynikající odolnost proti opotřebení a oděru
• Very high strength combined with good impact toughness
• Dimensional stability in cold work service
• Good grindability compared to other tool steels
• Relatively cost-effective

Limitations of D2 Powder

• Moderate corrosion resistance without surface treatment
• Limited high temperature strength and creep resistance
• Requires careful heat treatment by experienced providers
• Not weldable using conventional welding methods
• Large sections can experience embrittlement
• Brittle fracture mode limits cold formability

Comparison With S7 Tool Steel Powder

D2 vs S7 Tool Steel Powder

Parametr	D2	S7
Tvrdost	60-62 HRC	63-65 HRC
Houževnatost	Velmi dobré	Dobrý
Odolnost proti opotřebení	Vynikající	Vynikající
Odolnost proti korozi	Mírný	Nízký
Cold strength	Vynikající	Velmi dobré
Náklady	Nízký	Vysoký

• D2 has slightly lower hardness but much better toughness
• S7 provides the maximum wear resistance
• D2 has better corrosion resistance uncoated
• S7 has higher hot hardness and hot strength
• D2 is more cost effective

D2 Powder FAQs

Q: What are the main applications of D2 tool steel powder?

A: Main applications include cold pressing tooling, blanking and punching dies, coin minting dies, thread rolling dies, surgical tools, knives, industrial knives, and precision ground shafts and pins.

Q: What heat treatment is used for D2 tool steel powder?

A: D2 is typically heat treated by austenitizing at 1010-1040°C, quenching in oil or air, and tempering at 150-350°C to achieve a hardness of 60-62 HRC.

Q: How does vanadium improve the properties of D2 steel?

A: Vanadium forms fine carbides with iron and chromium that impart significant wear resistance and abrasion resistance while also enhancing impact toughness.

Q: What precautions should be taken when working with D2 powder?

A: Recommended precautions include ventilation, inert atmosphere, avoiding ignition sources, grounding equipment, using non-sparking tools, protective gear, and safe storage away from moisture or contamination.