Prášek Stellite 31: dokonalé řešení pro extrémní odolnost
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For engineers, manufacturers, and innovators, the choice of materials can make or break a project. When it comes to high-performance alloys, Stellite 31 powder is a name that commands attention. Renowned for its odolnost proti opotřebení, koroze odolnost, a vysokoteplotní stabilita, Stellite 31 is a cobalt-based alloy that offers unparalleled performance in some of the harshest environments known to industry.
Ale co přesně dělá Stellite 31 powder so special? Why is it a go-to material for industries like aerospace, oil & gas, and power generation? In this comprehensive guide, we’ll dive deep into Stellite 31 powder—its composition, properties, applications, and much more—to help you understand why it could be the perfect material choice for your next project.
Overview: What is Stellite 31 Powder?
Stellite 31 powder is a premium-grade cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy known for its excellent odolnost proti opotřebení, koroze, a oděr, a to i v případě, že zvýšené teploty. It’s part of the Stellite family of alloys, which are designed to retain their hardness and strength under extreme conditions. As industries continue to push the limits of what materials can withstand, Stellite 31 has proven to be a reliable solution for high-performance applications.
This alloy is widely used in industries such as ropa a plyn, námořní, letectví a kosmonautiky, chemické zpracování, a výroba energie. Whether you need a material that can endure tření, žíravé chemikálie, nebo prostředí s vysokou teplotou, Stellite 31 powder delivers.
Composition and Properties of Stellite 31 Powder
The key to Stellite 31 powder’s performance lies in its chemické složení. Each element plays a specific role in enhancing the alloy’s síla, odolnost proti korozi, a tepelná stabilita.
Chemical Composition of Stellite 31 Powder
| Živel | Procento (%) | Role ve slitině |
|---|---|---|
| Kobalt (Co) | 50-60% | The base element, providing strength, temperature stability, and wear resistance. |
| Chrom (Cr) | 27-31% | Improves corrosion and oxidation resistance, especially at high temperatures. |
| molybden (Mo) | 5-7% | Enhances resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion in harsh environments. |
| nikl (Ni) | 2-4% | Adds toughness and improves corrosion resistance, particularly in reducing environments. |
| železo (Fe) | ≤ 3% | Contributes to the overall strength of the alloy. |
| Wolfram (W) | ≤ 2% | Increases hardness and wear resistance, making the alloy more durable under abrasive conditions. |
| uhlík (C) | ≤ 1.2% | Provides additional hardness and wear resistance, especially in high-stress applications. |
| křemík (Si) | ≤ 1% | Improves oxidation resistance and helps in the manufacturing process. |
| mangan (Mn) | ≤ 1% | Enhances toughness and wear resistance. |
Key Properties of Stellite 31 Powder
| Vlastnictví | Hodnota/popis |
|---|---|
| Hustota | 8,9 g/cm³ |
| Bod tání | 1,240°C – 1,310°C |
| Tvrdost | 40-50 HRC (Rockwell Hardness) |
| Odolnost proti opotřebení | Extremely high, particularly in environments with significant friction or abrasion. |
| Odolnost proti korozi | Excellent, especially in acidic, alkaline, and saline environments. |
| Tepelná stabilita | Maintains mechanical properties and wear resistance at temperatures up to 980°C. |
| Pevnost v tahu | 850 MPa |
| Houževnatost | Excellent toughness, capable of withstanding high-stress and impact conditions. |
| Odolnost proti oxidaci | Exceptional, making it ideal for high-temperature applications where oxidation could be a concern. |
Why Choose Stellite 31 Powder? Key Characteristics
1. Superior Wear Resistance
Jednou z nejvýznamnějších funkcí Stellite 31 powder je jeho odolnost proti opotřebení. When subjected to abrasive surfaces or metal-on-metal contact, this alloy holds up better than many others. The presence of chromium and molybdenum ensures that Stellite 31 remains durable even when exposed to tření, oděr, a eroze.
2. Excellent Corrosion Resistance
V odvětvích, jako je např. ropa a plyn a námořní, kde je expozice slaná voda, kyseliny, a alkálií is common, corrosion resistance is paramount. Stellite 31 powder nabízí exceptional resistance to corrosion, even in the most agresivní prostředí. Whether it’s exposure to chloridy in marine settings or kyseliny in chemical processing, Stellite 31 stands strong.
3. Stabilita při vysokých teplotách
Many materials lose their strength at high temperatures, but not Stellite 31 powder. The alloy maintains its tvrdost a mechanické vlastnosti even at temperatures reaching 980°C. This makes it a perfect candidate for lopatky turbíny, součásti ventilů, and other parts exposed to extrémní horko.
4. Toughness and Impact Resistance
Where some hard materials can become křehké under impact or stress, Stellite 31 powder strikes the perfect balance between tvrdost a houževnatost. This means that it can withstand vysoce zátěžové prostředí a nárazové síly without cracking or breaking—making it ideal for applications requiring both odolnost proti opotřebení a impact tolerance.
Stellite 31 Powder Applications
Given its unique combination of odolnost proti opotřebení, odolnost proti korozi, a vysokoteplotní stabilita, Stellite 31 powder is used across a wide variety of industries. Below is a comprehensive list of its most common applications by sector.
Applications of Stellite 31 Powder by Industry
| Průmysl | aplikace |
|---|---|
| Aerospace | Turbine blades, engine components, and bearings that experience high temperatures and friction. |
| Ropa a plyn | Drill bits, valve seats, and other components exposed to abrasive and corrosive environments. |
| Námořní | Pump components, propeller shafts, and other parts exposed to saltwater environments. |
| Výroba elektřiny | Steam turbine blades, heat exchangers, and other high-temperature components used in power plants. |
| Chemické zpracování | Pump impellers, valve seats, and other components exposed to harsh chemicals and high pressures. |
| Automobilový průmysl | Valve seats, fuel injectors, and other engine components that experience high wear and heat. |
| Lékařský | Surgical tools and orthopaedic implants where wear resistance and bio-compatibility are critical. |
| Všeobecný průmysl | Cutting tools, extrusion dies, and other wear-resistant tooling for manufacturing processes. |
Specifications, Sizes, Grades, and Standards for Stellite 31 Powder
Při výběru Stellite 31 powder for a specific application, it’s essential to understand the dostupné specifikace, velikosti, a třídy. These variations can significantly impact the material’s performance depending on the industry and use case.
| Specifikace | Podrobnosti |
|---|---|
| Velikost částic | Typically available in sizes ranging from 15 to 53 microns, depending on the application (e.g., thermal spray, additive manufacturing). |
| Normy ASTM | ASTM F1537 for surgical implants; ASTM B815 for aerospace and industrial applications. |
| Normy ISO | ISO 5832-12 for cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloys in medical applications. |
| Číslo UNS | UNS R30031 |
| Rozsah tvrdosti | 40-50 HRC, depending on the heat treatment and intended application. |
| Morfologie prášku | Predominantly spherical particles for optimal flowability in additive manufacturing and thermal spraying. |
Tyto specifikace zajišťují, že Stellite 31 powder splňuje rigorous standards required for letectví a kosmonautiky, lékařské, a průmyslové aplikace.
Suppliers and Pricing of Stellite 31 Powder
Like many high-performance materials, Stellite 31 powder is available from a variety of suppliers. Prices can fluctuate based on factors such as objednané množství, umístění dodavatele, a specific formulations. Below is a list of some well-known suppliers and their typical pricing ranges.
Stellite 31 Powder Suppliers and Pricing
| Dodavatel | Cenové rozpětí (za kg) | Poznámky |
|---|---|---|
| Kennametal | $300 – $400 | A leading supplier of wear-resistant materials, including Stellite alloys for various industries. |
| Oerlikon Metco | $320 – $420 | Specializuje se na pokročilé materiály pro tepelné stříkání a aditivní výrobu. |
| Tesařská technologie | $310 – $410 | Known for high-performance alloys for aerospace, medical, and industrial applications. |
| Höganäs AB | $330 – $450 | Offers a wide range of metal powders, including Stellite 31 for powder metallurgy and 3D printing. |
| Společnost Powder Alloy Corporation | $320 – $430 | Supplies high-quality Stellite powders for demanding industries like aerospace and oil & gas. |
Vzhledem k jeho specializované vlastnosti, Stellite 31 powder tends to be on the more expensive side compared to more common alloys. However, its výkon in extreme conditions often justifies the higher upfront cost.
Comparing the Pros and Cons of Stellite 31 Powder
Zatímco Stellite 31 powder offers a range of advantages, it’s important to also consider its limitations. Below, we compare the klady a zápory to help you decide whether this material is the right choice for your application.
Advantages of Stellite 31 Powder
| Výhoda | Proč na tom záleží |
|---|---|
| Vynikající odolnost proti opotřebení: Withstands abrasion, erosion, and metal-on-metal contact. | Ideal for high-wear applications like cutting tools, valve seats, and bearings. |
| Stabilita při vysokých teplotách: Maintains strength and hardness at elevated temperatures. | Suitable for turbine blades, engine components, and other high-heat environments. |
| Vynikající odolnost proti korozi: Resists corrosion in both acidic and alkaline environments. | Perfect for chemical processing, marine, and oil & gas applications. |
| Toughness and Impact Resistance: Absorbs impact without cracking or breaking. | Reduces the risk of component failure in high-stress or high-impact environments. |
| Bio-Compatible: Safe for use in medical implants and surgical tools. | Ideal for orthopaedics and long-term medical usage. |
Limitations of Stellite 31 Powder
| Omezení | Proč je to výzva |
|---|---|
| Vysoká cena: More expensive than other wear-resistant materials. | May not be cost-effective for lower-demand applications. |
| Obtížné na stroji: The hardness of Stellite 31 can make it challenging to machine or process. | Requires specialized tools, leading to higher manufacturing costs. |
| Hmotnost: Heavier compared to lighter alloys like aluminum or titanium. | May not be suitable for applications where minimizing weight is essential, such as in aerospace. |
| Limitovaná dostupnost: Není tak široce dostupný jako běžnější materiály. | May have longer lead times depending on the supplier and market conditions. |
FAQs About Stellite 31 Powder
Below, we answer some of the most frequently asked questions about Stellite 31 powder to help clear up any lingering doubts.
| Otázka | Odpovědět |
|---|---|
| What is Stellite 31 powder used for? | It is used in industries like aerospace, oil & gas, marine, and medical for high-temperature, wear-resistant components. |
| How much does Stellite 31 powder cost? | Pricing typically ranges from $300 to $450 per kilogram, depending on the supplier and order size. |
| Is Stellite 31 powder biocompatible? | Ano, je biokompatibilní, takže je vhodný pro lékařské implantáty a chirurgické nástroje. |
| What makes Stellite 31 powder resistant to wear? | The combination of chromium, molybdenum, and cobalt provides exceptional hardness and wear resistance, even under extreme conditions. |
| Can Stellite 31 powder be used in 3D printing? | Yes, it can be used in additive manufacturing processes, such as powder-bed fusion, for creating high-performance parts. |
| What industries use Stellite 31 powder? | Industries such as aerospace, oil & gas, marine, and medical use it for various high-performance applications. |
| How does Stellite 31 powder compare to other alloys? | Compared to other cobalt alloys, Stellite 31 offers superior high-temperature strength and wear resistance but may be more challenging to machine. |
| Is Stellite 31 powder magnetic? | No, it is generally non-magnetic, making it suitable for applications requiring non-magnetic properties. |
Conclusion: Is Stellite 31 Powder Right for Your Next Project?
It is truly a powerhouse material, combining odolnost proti opotřebení, vysokoteplotní stabilita, a odolnost proti korozi like few other alloys can. Whether you’re in the letecký průmysl, working in ropa a plyn, or looking for a material that can withstand the harsh conditions of chemické zpracování, this alloy delivers exceptional results.
Yes, it comes with a higher price tag and can be a challenge to machine—but for many applications, these drawbacks are worth the trade-off. With Stellite 31 powder, you’re investing in dlouhověkost, trvanlivost, a výkon in the most demanding environments.
Takže je Stellite 31 powder the right choice for your next project? If you need a material that thrives under pressure—whether that’s nosit, koroze, nebo vysoké teploty-tedy Stellite 31 powder might just be the perfect fit.
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