Metal Powder Suppliers

Overview

Metal powders are critical raw materials used across diverse manufacturing industries to produce precision components via processes like metal injection molding (MIM), additive manufacturing (AM), and powder metallurgy (PM) pressing and sintering. Selecting the right metal powder supplier is key to obtaining high quality powder feedstock optimized for a given fabrication process.

This guide provides an overview of major metal powder types, production methods, applications, and leading global suppliers serving North America, Europe, Asia, and beyond. It covers key powder characteristics, testing considerations, quality systems, and purchasing factors to consider when sourcing powder. Helpful comparison tables are included to summarize supplier capabilities across various alloy systems.

Connecting with an experienced metal powder supplier simplifies the raw material qualification and procurement process. Supplier expertise helps ensure manufacturers select the optimal powder composition, particle size, shape, density and other properties to maximize production process efficiency and final part quality.

Types of Metal Powders

Metal powders are produced in a wide range of alloy families including:

Major Types of Metal Powder

• Stainless steels
• Tool and high speed steels
• Low alloy and carbon steels
• Superalloys like Inconel, Hasteloy
• Titanium and titanium alloys
• Tungsten heavy alloys
• Cobalt alloys
• Copper and copper alloys
• Aluminum alloys
• Precious metals like gold, silver, platinum
• Refractory metal powders

Both standard and custom alloys are available engineered for characteristics like corrosion resistance, hardness, conductivity, magnetism, or biocompatibility needed by specific applications.

Metal Powder Production Methods

Typical techniques for manufacturing metal powders include:

Metal Powder Production Methods

• Gas atomization
• Water atomization
• Chemical precipitation
• Electrolysis
• Carbonyl decomposition
• Mechanical milling
• Metal hydriding
• Thermal plasma spheroidization
• Granulation and reduction

Atomization produces fine spherical powders with tight particle size distribution. Milling creates irregular powder shapes and wide distributions. Specialized methods target nanoscale or amorphous powders.

Metal Powder Characteristics

Key characteristics of metal powders:

Typical Metal Powder Characteristics

• Alloy composition and chemistry
• Particle shape and morphology
• Particle size distribution
• Apparent and tap densities
• Flow rate through standardized funnel
• Loss on ignition from moisture
• Oxygen and nitrogen levels
• Powder microstructure and phases
• Presence of satellites or agglomerations
• Pyrophoricity and flammability

These properties significantly influence powder manufacturing behavior including flow, compressibility, sintering response, achievable density, and more.

Applications of Metal Powders

Metal powders serve major applications in:

Metal Powder End-Use Applications

• Powder Metallurgy (PM)
  • Structural parts, bearings, rods
• Metal Injection Molding (MIM)
  • Small complex components with tight tolerances
• Additive Manufacturing (AM)
  • 3D printed aerospace, medical, automotive components
• Thermal Spray
  • Wear and corrosion resistant coatings
• Electronics
  • Conductive pastes, magnets, batteries
• Diamond tools
  • Cutting and drilling tools
• Chemical catalysts
  • Catalyst supports, fuel cell electrodes
• Ordnance
  • Dense tungsten alloys for ballast

Adjusting powder characteristics allows tailoring to specific manufacturing process requirements and end-use needs.

Metal Powder Specifications

International standards help define:

• Allowable powder chemistry ranges
• Maximum oxygen/nitrogen levels
• Permitted phases and microstructure
• Sieving ranges for particle size distribution
• Apparent density and flow rates
• Sampling procedures
• Test methods

for common alloy systems to ensure material quality reliability.

Common Metal Powder Standards

Standard	Scope	Parameters	Methods
ISO 4490	Metal powders for PM	Chemistry, size, shape, density	X-ray fluorescence, microscopy
ASTM B823	Tool steel powder specs	Apparent density, flow rate	Hall flowmeter, tapped density
AMS 7759	Nickel alloy powder for AM	Powder composition, size, shape	SEM, image analysis
MPIF 35	Ferrous powder grades	Chemistry, size distribution, density	Spectrographic analysis
ASTM B213	Refractory metal powder test methods	Sampling, size analysis, density, hall flow	Pycnometry, hall flowmeter

Powder made to published standards simplifies qualification and ensures repeatable performance.

Global Metal Powder Suppliers

Leading international suppliers of various metal powders include:

Prominent Metal Powder Manufacturers and Suppliers

Company	Materials	Capabilities	Locations
Sandvik	Stainless, tool steel, nickel alloy	MIM, AM, thermal spray	Europe, Asia, Americas
Praxair	Titanium, superalloys, stainless	Rapid delivery, gas atomization	Global
Höganäs	Iron, stainless, tool steel	Custom alloys, additive manufacturing	Europe, Asia
Kymera	Cobalt, nickel, copper	High purity, spherical powders	Americas, Europe
ATI Powder Metals	Nickel, titanium, tool steel	Specialists in titanium alloys	Global
JFE Steel	Stainless, carbon steel	Powder customization services	Asia

Both large corporations and smaller regional suppliers provide specialty focus on niche alloys tailored to industry needs.

Purchasing Considerations for Metal Powder

Key aspects to discuss when engaging suppliers:

• Desired powder quantity – kg to tonnage
• Alloy chemistry and composition
• Target particle size distribution
• Shape and morphology specifications
• Apparent and tap density ranges
• Allowable oxygen/nitrogen levels
• Sampling procedures and testing
• Quality certifications and systems
• Safety procedures and regulatory compliance
• Technical expertise and customer service
• Logistics, lead times, terms and pricing

Evaluate multiple qualified suppliers to ensure a strong partnership matching quality to cost-effectiveness.

Pros and Cons of Major Metal Powder Suppliers

Comparing Strengths of Leading Metal Powder Companies

Supplier	Advantages	Limitations
Sandvik	Broad alloy range, materials expertise	High minimum order quantities
Praxair	Rapid delivery, lower volumes possible	Limited alloy selection
Höganäs	Strong technical partnerships	Mostly ferrous focus
Kymera	Specialists in high purity powders	Smaller supplier, limited inventory
ATI Powder Metals	Titanium alloy focus, customization ability	Requires long lead time
JFE Steel	Cost competitiveness from Asia base	Language and time zone barriers

Leverage supplier strengths aligned with your application needs and purchasing preferences. No one supplier excels across all factors.

FAQs

What questions should I ask potential metal powder suppliers?

• What quantity ranges can you accommodate?
• How fast can you supply small samples for prototyping?
• What quality certifications do you comply with?
• How do you ensure each lot’s consistency?
• What technical expertise can you provide during qualification?
• Do you offer product customization services?
• What safety procedures are in place during handling?

How do suppliers test metal powder characteristics?

Standard methods include laser diffraction for particle size distribution, hall flowmeters for powder flow rate, helium pycnometry for true density, and chemical analysis using ICP-OES or combustion analysis.

What precautions are needed when handling metal powders?

Use grounding, inert atmospheres, conductive equipment, and PPE to minimize ignition risks. Avoid sparks or electrostatic discharge. Prevent exposure through ventilation and contamination control.

Should I purchase blended elemental powders or prealloyed powders?

Prealloyed powders ensure homogeneous chemistry and give the most consistent final part properties after consolidation. They are recommended for critical applications.

What factors affect metal powder pricing?

Key drivers are alloy composition, powder size and shape, production method, quality requirements, order volume, and transportation costs. Advanced alloys and atomization are more expensive.

Conclusion

Sourcing high quality metal powder feedstock matched to manufacturing process needs is critical to producing consistent, high performance components. Connecting with knowledgeable powder suppliers simplifies qualification and provides access to specialized alloys while ensuring proper material characterization, handling, and quality. A close technical partnership between powder producer and end user enables certification of innovative new materials unlocking performance improvements across industries.

know more 3D printing processes