Understanding High-Temperature Alloy C276
Table of Contents
Overview of High-Temperature Alloy C276
High-temperature alloy C276, commonly referred to as Hastelloy® C276, is a nickel-molybdenum-chromium alloy with tungsten added for enhanced corrosion resistance. This alloy is particularly well-suited for applications involving extreme environments, where high temperatures and corrosive chemicals are prevalent. The unique properties of C276 make it indispensable in industries such as chemical processing, pollution control, and power generation. But what exactly makes this alloy stand out from the rest? Let’s dive into its composition, properties, and applications to understand why it’s the go-to material for demanding environments.
Composition of High-Temperature Alloy C276
The composition of C276 is a precise blend of elements, each contributing to its superior performance in high-temperature and corrosive environments. The key components include:
Element | Percentage Composition |
---|---|
Nickel (Ni) | 57% minimum |
Molybdenum (Mo) | 15-17% |
Chromium (Cr) | 14.5-16.5% |
Iron (Fe) | 4-7% |
Tungsten (W) | 3-4.5% |
Cobalt (Co) | 2.5% maximum |
Manganese (Mn) | 1% maximum |
Vanadium (V) | 0.35% maximum |
Silicon (Si) | 0.08% maximum |
Carbon (C) | 0.01% maximum |
This composition is meticulously designed to withstand aggressive corrosive environments. The high nickel content ensures resistance to stress corrosion cracking, while molybdenum and chromium enhance its resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion.
Properties of High-Temperature Alloy C276
The properties of C276 are what truly set it apart. These properties make it an ideal choice for extreme applications:
Property | Description |
---|---|
Corrosion Resistance | Exceptional resistance to a wide range of corrosive media, including strong acids, chlorides, and hypochlorites. |
High-Temperature Stability | Maintains structural integrity at temperatures up to 1,900°F (1,038°C). |
Fabricability | Easily fabricated using conventional methods such as welding, machining, and forming. |
Mechanical Strength | High tensile strength, making it robust and reliable in demanding conditions. |
Oxidation Resistance | Resistant to oxidation in both aqueous and gaseous environments. |
Characteristics of High-Temperature Alloy C276
One of the key characteristics of C276 is its versatility. Whether it’s exposed to acidic environments or subjected to high temperatures, C276 performs exceptionally well. The alloy’s ability to resist both uniform and localized corrosion, coupled with its strength, makes it a material of choice for components like heat exchangers, reactors, and pipes in chemical processing plants.
But it’s not just about withstanding the elements—C276 is also known for its ease of fabrication. This alloy can be welded using standard welding techniques, and it does not require post-weld heat treatment, making it convenient and cost-effective to use.
Applications of High-Temperature Alloy C276
Given its superior properties, C276 finds use in a wide array of applications across various industries. Let’s explore some of these in detail:
Application | Description |
---|---|
Chemical Processing | Used in reactors, heat exchangers, and evaporators that handle corrosive chemicals. |
Pollution Control | Ideal for flue gas desulfurization systems in power plants, where it resists corrosive acids and salts. |
Power Generation | Employed in turbines and other components exposed to high temperatures and corrosive gases. |
Oil and Gas | Used in downhole tubing, valves, and other components exposed to sour gas and brine. |
Marine Engineering | Suitable for use in seawater environments, where it resists pitting and crevice corrosion. |
Specific Metal Powder Models of C276
When it comes to manufacturing components using C276, metal powders play a crucial role. Here are ten specific metal powder models of C276 that are commonly used in various manufacturing processes:
- C276-SPH-PM
- Description: Spherical powder model optimized for 3D printing and additive manufacturing processes.
- Application: Used in producing complex, high-precision components for aerospace and chemical industries.
- C276-FG-PM
- Description: Fine grain powder designed for powder metallurgy applications, ensuring dense and strong end-products.
- Application: Ideal for producing corrosion-resistant fasteners and fittings.
- C276-AT-PM
- Description: Atomized powder suitable for thermal spray coatings, providing excellent surface protection.
- Application: Commonly used in turbine blades and other high-temperature components.
- C276-PR-PM
- Description: Powder with controlled particle size distribution for precision manufacturing.
- Application: Used in producing seals and gaskets for chemical processing equipment.
- C276-HIP-PM
- Description: High-Pressure, Isostatic Pressing powder that ensures uniformity and eliminates porosity.
- Application: Applied in manufacturing dense components for nuclear reactors.
- C276-ML-PM
- Description: Medium-Load powder optimized for laser cladding, providing enhanced wear resistance.
- Application: Used in repair and maintenance of industrial machinery.
- C276-FM-PM
- Description: Free-Machining powder that allows easier cutting and shaping of parts.
- Application: Suitable for producing intricate parts for electronic devices.
- C276-NS-PM
- Description: Non-Spherical powder for niche applications requiring specific flow characteristics.
- Application: Often used in producing custom parts for specialized equipment.
- C276-SR-PM
- Description: Super-Refined powder offering ultra-high purity levels.
- Application: Used in semiconductor manufacturing and other high-tech applications.
- C276-LP-PM
- Description: Low-Particle powder for applications requiring minimal surface roughness.
- Application: Applied in creating smooth, corrosion-resistant coatings.
Comparison of High-Temperature Alloy C276 vs. Other Alloys
When comparing C276 to other high-temperature alloys, several factors come into play. Here’s how C276 stacks up against some of its competitors:
Feature | C276 | Inconel 625 | Monel 400 | Hastelloy X |
---|---|---|---|---|
Corrosion Resistance | Superior | Excellent | Moderate | Good |
Temperature Stability | Up to 1,900°F | Up to 1,800°F | Up to 1,000°F | Up to 2,200°F |
Mechanical Strength | High | Very High | Moderate | High |
Fabricability | Easy | Easy | Moderate | Easy |
Cost | Higher | High | Lower | High |
Advantages of High-Temperature Alloy C276
Choosing C276 for your application comes with a plethora of benefits:
- Superior Corrosion Resistance: Ideal for harsh chemical environments.
- High Strength: Maintains structural integrity under stress.
- Excellent Fabricability: Can be easily welded and formed, saving time and cost.
- Long-Term Stability: Performs reliably over extended periods, reducing maintenance costs.
Disadvantages of High-Temperature Alloy C276
While C276 is a highly versatile alloy, it’s not without its drawbacks:
- Cost: The material is more expensive compared to some other alloys.
- Availability: Due to its specialized nature, it may not be as readily available as more common materials.
- Machinability: Although it’s fabricable, machining can be challenging and may require specialized tools.
Specifications, Sizes, Grades, and Standards of C276
The specifications, sizes, and grades of C276 are standardized to ensure quality and performance. Here’s a look at some of the most common ones:
Specification/Grade | Standard | Description |
---|---|---|
UNS N10276 | ASTM B575 | Standard specification for nickel alloy plates and sheets. |
DIN 2.4819 | EN 10088-2 | European standard for corrosion-resistant alloys. |
Werkstoff Nr. 2.4819 | ISO 6208 | International standard for high-temperature alloys. |
AMS 5776 | AMS | Aerospace material specification for nickel alloys. |
ASME SB-574 | ASME | Boiler and pressure vessel code for nickel alloy rods and bars. |
Suppliers and Pricing Details
When it comes to sourcing C276, it’s important to consider factors such as supplier reliability and pricing:
Supplier | Region | Price Range per kg | Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Haynes International | North America | $75 – $90 | Leading manufacturer with extensive inventory. |
Special Metals Corporation | Global | $70 – $85 | Known for high-quality standards and prompt delivery. |
Rolled Alloys | Europe | $72 – $88 | Offers custom cutting and shaping services. |
NeoNickel | Asia | $68 – $82 | Specializes in supplying niche alloys like C276. |
Continental Steel & Tube Co. | North America | $73 – $87 | Provides certification and traceability for all products. |
FAQ
Here are some frequently asked questions regarding C276:
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What makes C276 suitable for chemical processing? | Its superior corrosion resistance to a wide range of chemicals makes it ideal for this industry. |
Can C276 be welded easily? | Yes, C276 can be welded using standard techniques without requiring post-weld heat treatment. |
What is the maximum operating temperature for C276? | C276 can withstand temperatures up to 1,900°F (1,038°C). |
Is C276 expensive compared to other alloys? | Yes, C276 is more expensive due to its specialized properties, but its long-term performance often justifies the cost. |
Where can I purchase C276? | C276 can be sourced from major suppliers like Haynes International, Special Metals Corporation, and NeoNickel. |
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